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The Creation of Israel

The 1917 Balfour Declaration was a 67-word letter from British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to Lord Rothschild, pledging British support for a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. Issued on November 2, 1917, during WWI, it aimed to secure Jewish support for the Allies, while pledging to protect the rights of existing non-Jewish communities.

The declaration promised a national home for Jews while simultaneously promising to protect the rights of the indigenous Arab population, creating a lasting conflict in the region.

The statement was included in the preamble of the League of Nations' Palestine Mandate (1922), giving it international legitimacy. The League of Nations Mandate for Palestine was an official administrative framework, approved on July 24, 1922, and effective from September 1923, which entrusted Great Britain with managing the territory following the Ottoman Empire's collapse. It mandated the creation of a Jewish national home, authorized Jewish immigration, and required protection of the rights of all inhabitants.

The declaration was contained in a letter dated 2 November 1917 from Arthur Balfour, the British foreign secretary, to Lord Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. The text of the declaration was published in the press on 9 November 1917.

Further drafts were discussed by the British Cabinet during September and October, with input from Zionist and anti-Zionist Jews but with no representation from the local population in Palestine.

In 1936, an Arab revolt erupted, demanding independence and an end to British support for Zionism, which was suppressed by the British.[41][42] Eventually, tensions led to the United Nations adopting a partition plan in 1947, triggering a civil war.

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